Strategic Planning & Design
The work that decides what gets built, before anyone writes code. Solution and system design — how the pieces fit, what to build against what to buy or configure. Product and user experience design — what the thing actually is, and where the line falls between the first version and the next one. Roadmap and operating design — the order the work happens in, and the shape of the team that does it. Most engagements start here, and plenty of them end here, because a good plan is often the whole deliverable.